Saturday, December 28, 2019

Resolutions at Workplace - 2122 Words

RESOLUTIONS AT WORKPLACES Today, negative samples of conflicts are surrounding us; when you turn on your TV, almost every news program, reality show or a talk show or sitcom episode, we watch people acting out their conflicts more often than not in their worst way possible. Let’s face the reality here; anyone working person, spends more time with our work colleagues with than we do with our family, friends and loved ones. Fortunately or rather unfortunately, our work colleagues become our best friends. â€Å"But even in the best of times it’s not unusual to be faced with the guy three cubicles down from yours whom you’d just as soon clobber than look at again. Fold in a heightened sense of tension due to uncertain job security these days and†¦show more content†¦Mediation supports people to find a path through the pain of conflict and out to resolution. Mediation does help parties to generate their own positive outcome from their conflict journey (Katherine Graham, 2010)†. According to Vivian Scott, every person involved in a conflict, has a responsibility in that conflict. â€Å"As difficult as it is to admit you probably have some responsibility in the conflict. Self-assessment, and by that I mean more than 30 seconds of superficial introspection, requires you to consider how your actions and reactions look to others. Ask yourself, what have I said or done, or not said or done, that has kept this conflict going? Change may not happen overnight, and you may need the assistance of friends, family, or professionals to help you through the transition. No need to continue being the bully, the one who stirs the pot, or even the victim. If it takes two to tango and you’re no longer willing to dance, the conflict has no choice but to diminish, (Vivian Scott, 2010)†. Pride comes before a fall; we have to change our character and even when our expectations are not met, the immense fulfillment of our goals and ideas in furthering our agenda has a quality that is above the conflict. When we examine and change our own habitual patterns ofShow MoreRelatedConflict resolution in the workplace800 Words   |  4 PagesConflict resolution in the workplace Introduction Conflict is a fact in any relationship including the work area. Still, it is important to emphasize that some conflicts should not be seen as good or bad, they are just differences. Many times when there are disagreements between players these issues are left on the table without giving much emphasis. Unfortunately some of these conflicts have reached a level that ends in a physical altercation. When things get out of proportion, the sports psychologistRead MoreConflict Resolution Of The Workplace1585 Words   |  7 Pages Conflict Resolution Although many of us go great lengths to avoid it, sometimes it is just inevitable. People in the workplace setting will always have different ideas, values, and attitudes than others around them. A conflict can arouse in any given setting, and the affect it can have on those involved can either be negative or positive. Depending on the approach and strategies utilized during and after a conflict will determine the result of the conflict. Conflict helps people recognize legitimateRead MoreConflict Resolution at the Workplace1597 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Workplace Conflict Resolution If you search the word conflict in the dictionary, you are likely to find plenty of negative connotations. Many explain conflict as: coming to collision or a disagreement; clash; contention; controversy; fighting or quarreling, states Random House (1975). As these definitions are negative in nature, most people tend to withdraw when they enter an arena with conflict. Business Environment Conflict If you can recognize and understand exactly what creates conflictRead MoreConflict Resolution Of The Workplace2822 Words   |  12 PagesConflict in the Workplace Kara K. Martin University of South Dakota Abstract While an individual may attempt to avoid conflict in the workplace, there is no way to actually escape it. In the workplace environment, there are a variety of co-worker relationships and challenging work situations that may increase our emotional response. Therefore, it is important for employees to have the skills and abilities to recognize when conflict occurs, identify the type of conflict, and to implementRead MoreConflict Resolution Within The Workplace1224 Words   |  5 Pagessolving methods to address conflict resolution within the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to discuss specific techniques and tools to resolve conflict within the workplace. A description of a workplace conflict at my current place of employment will be provided. The impact that cultural norms may have on conflict will be briefly considered. Additionally, the impact that conflict has on leadership’s decision making will be addressed. In discussing resolution of this particular conflict, specificRead MoreCommunication At The Workplace Is A Very Big Resolution989 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication in the workplace is a very big resolution to being able to listen, learn, resolve, and communicate with others around you. Every day you can either improve or diminish in your ability to productively communicate with people who surround you. There are several ways of communication skills that access benefits in the environment you surround yourself in, for example your job, family, even a relationship can consist of enabling you to connect with others in a positive way by simple verbalRead MoreEssay about Conflict Resolution In The Workplace2485 Words   |  10 Pagesstrategies they can use to resolve conflicts once they have advanced. Recognizing conflict in the business environment Recognizing and understanding what causes conflict in the business environment during its early stages, is the key to fast resolution of the issue. There are many warning signs. Lundine (1996) highlights five early detection signs.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Romantic relationships between employees, i.e., perceptions of favoritism and morale problems can occur among employees, and there is a built-inRead MoreEssay on Conflict Resolution In The Workplace939 Words   |  4 Pagesall, you will have who started it, and who blaming who. We should have them sit down and deal with the issues: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Set a time to talk to the individuals 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deal with one issue at a time 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Be brief and specific. Conflict in the Workplace 4 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phrase your complaint as specific behavior which the person can recognize and work toward changing. Hopefully this will make thing to easier and avoid conflict in the future. By getting a better understanding of how conflict and angerRead MoreWorkplace Conflict Resolution – a Case Study852 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Conflict Resolution – A Case Study Posted on October 13, 2009 Leaders frequently face situations where conflict arises in the workplace and they’re called upon to resolve the situation.   Although conflict is not generally regarded as a positive experience it actually can be a key opportunity to create change that will reduce friction in the workplace.   We can begin to defuse conflict by understanding what it is and implementing some practical strategies to manage it. Conflict is a naturalRead MoreConflict Resolution And Resolving Workplace Conflicts1304 Words   |  6 Pages Conflict Resolution Conflicts are inevitable. It is necessary for the advanced practice nurse to have skills in approaching conflicts, negotiations, and resolutions (Hamric, Hanson, Tracy, Grady, 2014). According to Hamric et al. (2014), you do not have to feel pressured to instantly agree with other teammates; however, be respectful and listen intently and identify what you are able to offer to the team. Conflicts occur because of the different points of view. They can also happen because

Friday, December 20, 2019

Sankofa; Slave Rebellion - 978 Words

Sankofa: Slave Rebellion Caribbean Politics Sankofa is an Akan word that means Go back to your past, to move on to the future. Literally translated it means it is not taboo to go back and fetch what you forgot. This movie was written, produced and directed by Haille Gerima, a black professor at Howard University. The movie portrays a black model that goes to modern-day Africa to do a movie shoot with her photographer. While she is there, she encounters a Black African who tells her to return to her past. This man is Sankofa, a self appointed guardian of what used to be the Lafayette plantation. Sankofa is soon escorted off of the grounds by the employed guards. During the course of her trip, she follows a group of tourists into†¦show more content†¦No more was I scared of being flogged, burned; even death didnt scare me. And when [chuckle] they got the notion to throw me out in the field suit me just fine. Gerima says he made Sankofa to raise consciousness; the movie isnt a couch potatos silver screen T.V. substitute. I am not a court jester; Im not out to entertain people, says Gerima. I dont degrade myself by telling you I made Sankofa to entertain you. I made it to make you think. Gerima characterizes Hollywood as being more interested in bread and chocolate issues than bread and butter ones--that is, more interested in profits than people--and he criticizes the industry for being detrimental to Black struggles for freedom. Black audiences, he says, cannot rely on the industry to provide them with empowering images designed to raise consciousness. Gerima points out that most Hollywood movies, whose primary purpose is to make profits by entertaining, depress consciousness. The motivating factor, he says, determines the type of films they are. The fact that those industry films are done for commercial reasons automatically dismisses any possibility of arriving at a higher consciousnes s as a result of witnessing [them].(www.spot.ppc.edu) After watching this movie, it gave me an appreciation of where I am from and all ancestors before me. This is definitely a movie that I recommend every black person watch. The movie was well written.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Slavery and African Born Slaves1328 Words   |  6 PagesSankofa Critical Review Sankofa is a movie about, above all else, the unification and spiritual oneness of all African peoples no matter where they are in the world and no matter what oppression they face. To develop this theme, the movie takes us through the lives of several Africans that were taken from their homes and enslaved. It stars a young woman, Mona, who knows very little of her identity as an African at first, but is transformed into a slave named Shola who works on a plantation whereRead MoreSlavery and White Slave Master1170 Words   |  5 PagesSankofa, according to Africa folklore was the protector of the African American people. He used his drums to combat the evil spirits present among the world. The movie Sankofa portrays slavery in Lafayette with some of the most gruesome and shocking moments I have ever laid eyes on. During this movie there are many other subplots that occur but the ultimate goal for the slaves in Lafayette is a better life. A life not directed by a White Slave-owner. They sought and enacted ways that they could achieveRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Sankofa 927 Words   |  4 PagesSankofa is an Ankan word which means, â€Å"We must go back and reclaim our past in order to move forward ( Diop, 2014).† The film Sankofa was produced in the year 1993 in Ghana directed by Haile Gerima. It is based on the Atlantic slave trade. It is the story slavery from the point of view of Africans. In the film, all characters represent an element of African American culture (Gerima, 1993). It also shows the traditional racial scale with the whites at the top followed by Half-castes in the middleRead MoreHistory Is Forever Being Made1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthe wrongful murder of African Americans by the police department. The first slaves arrived in America in the year 1619, and a little under 250 years later slavery was abolished on January 31, 1865. The most pressing question is how the African slaves accomplished such a major feat. The Africans recognized that the treatment that they were receiving from white overseers, and owners was unjust. As in Sankofa the slaves remembered and helped the younger generations understand that this position was

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Twentieth Century Music and Its Reflection of History Essay Example For Students

Twentieth Century Music and Its Reflection of History Essay For many hundreds of years, man has enjoyed and played music for various reasons: meditation, dancing, rituals, entertainment, to express feelings, to reflect on past events and to show what is happening in his world. In the Twentieth Century, music has been used for all of these, but none have been so important to making this country what it its today as the music that has reflected on past events and that shows what is happening in the country at the time that it was written. The sass was the first decade of the Twentieth Century in which the music of the time reflected what was happening in the world around it. The Great Depression left its imprint on the music more than any other event of that time. Most of the music of the sass offered relaxation to the battered soul. Popular songs of the time brought the listener into the despair of the times apparent in songs, such as Stardust, Solitude, and Blue Lovebirds Die Alone. World War II brought along a new attitude in its music. Songs of the WI era showed split ideas about the war. Some works made the American People aware of the dangers of democracy while most songs emphasized its blessings, giving Americans a patriotic, anti-Fascist attitude. One popular song of the time was Earl Robinsons Ballad for Americans which emphasized the strongest support for the war at that time. In the mid-sass, a new style of music known as Rock n Roll became prominent. This music was a combination of all the popular styles of music that preceded it. Three styles of rock: RB rock, country rock, and pop rock; were evident at this time. Culturally, white teenagers were the dominant members of society, but the most popular form of rock was RB rock, which was performed mostly by African-American males. This caused social problems because many upper class white American males babbled RB rock as African or race music. Some even charged that it was a conspiracy by the NAACP to corrupt white teenagers. To counter the popularity of RB rock, many record companies found white pop performers to cover popular songs recorded by African-American RB artists. When an African-American performer had a hit song, the record company would have it re-recorded by a white performer. Pat Boone had hits with Fats Dominos Anti that a Shame and with Little Richards Tutu Fruit. One record producer, Sam Phillips stated, If I could only find a white man who had he Negro sound and the Negro feel I could make a million dollars. By 1956, a young singer, Elvis Presley, fade Phillips a prophet with his hit song Heartbreak Hotel. Elvis Presley did more than any other artist to promote the style of Rock n Roll with fifty- two top thirty hits in less than ten years, earning himself the title of King of Rock and Twentieth Century Music and Its Reflection of History By David Peterson By the early sass Rock and Roll was a contributing factor to the Civil Rights movements bringing African-Americans to become equal to whites. White teenagers researched records released by African-American performers and African-American teenagers did the opposite. Whites and African-Americans sat beside each other at concerts, enjoying music that may not be performed by people of the same race as they were. However, in a society dominated by white males, many minorities were mocked and treated cruelly. Women were looked down upon as second class citizens in the sass; treated as sex objects in songs such as Buddy Nooks Party Doll, Johnny Titillations Poetry in Motion, and Eddie Hedgehogs (Girls, Girls, Girls) Made to Love). African Americans were also viewed as comic figures in songs such as the Coasters Charlie Brown, Little Anthony and the Imperials Shimmy, Shimmy, OK-OK Bop, and Mongo Sanitarians Watermelon Man. Native Americans were also depicted as cartoon characters in Johnny Protons Running Bear and Larry Verses Mr.. Custer. The accents of Italian and Hispanic emigrants were made fun of in Pat Bones Speedy Gonzales and Lou Months Pepping the Italian Mouse. To many, the period of 1964 to 1974 is the most important period of American music in this century. Rock music reflected attitudes of the youth of that time, the Baby Analyze How Renaissance Art Was A Reflection EssaySome music of the past two decades has been a reflection on past events. Frankie Vail released a solo record GREASE in 1978 which looked back on the past fondly. Other artists have written music which reflects on the past with bittersweet nostalgia such as Bob Eagers Against the Wind and Don Honeys End of the Innocence. Billy Joel looked at the Vietnam war in Goodnight Saigon and summed up forty years of pop culture from 1949 to 1989 in his song We Didnt Start the Fire. Eighties songs also viewed the social problems in America. Bob Eagers Making Thunderbird and Billy Joules Allentown drew attention to hard times in American manufacturing. Other artists helped out through benefit concerts such as Live Aid to help assist drought stricken African countries, Farm Aid to help farmers facing bankruptcy. Money from these benefit concert Band Aid was donated to combat hunger in Ethiopia. There are in the eighties and nineties very few songs which links to world events. Michael Jackson, though, through songs such as Heal the World, has been able to show how there are places in the world where people are going hungry. He has also demanded world peace and humane treatment toward animals with Earth Song. In the nineties, there has been music which reflects one of the biggest problems in American Sockeye in a number of years. Gangs rap (hard-core rhyming recited in rhythms) has influenced many lower class American teenagers to become involved Arizona, a large problem with American teens since the sixties. Music by rappers such as Dry. Drew, Snoop Doggy Dog, Easy-E, Ice-T, and Outpace Shaker, suggest violence toward law enforcement through songs such as Deep Cover and Cop Kill. These songs also recommend using high powered weapons and drive by shootings to solve their conflicts. Artists of gangs rap claim that they are not trying to influence young adults through their music, they are only showing what is happening on the streets of America. Rapper Snoop Doggy Dog was charged with murder in 1993 after his dockyard shot and killed a twenty year old gang member in Los Angels in self defense. In an interview before his acquittal, Snoop Doggy Dog (Calvin Broads) stated, This doesnt fit into the dream of stardom I had People think this is cool, that I like being notorious This is nothing cool, nothing fun, nothing to laugh about. In these present times, much of the music written and recorded is done for the sole purpose of painting a picture of events which Americans face or have faced. Through the process of recording music, we will be able to preserve history as it happens.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

International Energy Policies Management

Question: Using the Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) analytical tool, critically discuss the impact of advancements in renewable energy technologies on the direction of energy policy of the United Kingdom. Answer: Introduction: Fossil fuels like crude oil, coal and natural gas are that kind of energy which has developed within the earth surface over millions of years. These kinds of energy are required all the time in todays life. This kind of energy is non-renewable in nature. There are many pros and cons of this kind of energy. One of the disadvantages is the usage of these fossil fuels emit a huge amount of carbon-dioxide and, therefore, create environment pollution. On the other hand, the renewable energy is that energy that comes from mainly automatically replenished natural sources like wind, rain, sunlight, tides, waves and geothermal heat (Davison). This type of energy does not create any pollution or spread any harmful element in the surrounding environment (ScienceDaily). During the usage of the fossil fuel, a huge amount of carbon is released into the atmosphere that in turn causes greenhouse effect on the environment. This increases the temperature of the earth that is popular as Global Warming. This warming leads to the change in the normal weather trends known as climate change and causes a frequent occurrence of natural calamity in different parts of the world. In this context, most of the nations in the world now tend to the use of renewable energy instead of the use of fuel fossil. This article deals with the impact of advancements in renewable energy technologies on the energy policy of United Kingdom (Energy). Objectives: One of the most critical challenges that U.K has been facing recently is a drastic climate change due to the constantly increasing carbon-dioxide. This change affects the economic development and also the ecosystem negatively. Therefore to keep the emission of this CO2 at the moderate level, the govt. of United Kingdom has started to increase the use of renewable energy. One of the main advantages of the adaptation of renewable energy is it offers a positive externality on the surrounding environment as well as helps to reduce the dependency on the import of fuel fossil by the U.K government. Another important advantage of following renewable energy is that it is a low production cost technology. Therefore, the economy can produce large-scale energy at relatively low cost than it would produce using fuel fossils. However, adaptation of renewable energy by the United Kingdoms government is not a simple task. The govt. has been facing several barriers like unfavourable price mechanism, market failure, and high uncertainty involved in the energy production process. But, at the same time the United Kingdom has some strength and opportunity in following the renewable energy process. The main objective of this report is to provide a critical analysis of the effect of the adaptation of renewable energy technologies on the energy policies using strength-weakness-opportunity-threat (SWOT) analysis (Carbonbrief.org). Energy policies set by the govt.: To make the economy of United Kingdom, a cleaner and low-carbon economy, the govt. of U.K has set some policies and strategies. These are pointed out in the following paragraph. 1) Imposition of a restriction on the amount of CO2 emission within a given period. 2) Continuous analysis of the data regarding the greenhouse gas emission to understand the future impact on the climate by these gases (Gshp.org.uk). 3) Design and implementation of a strategic plan to meet the target reduction of CO2 emission within 2050. 4) Continuous encouragement to both household and business firm to reduce their energy demand through the use of smart meter and some other energy efficient measures. 5) Provision of some incentive to the household and business units which start to follow energy efficient technology. 6) Reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases from the agriculture (Energy Policies Of IEA Countries 2012Review The United Kingdom). 7) Adoption of low carbon technologies in the industrial sector. 8) Public reporting of the amount of greenhouse gas emission by the business organization that in turn force these units to lower the release amount. 9) Adoption of action to lower the drastic climate change due to the global warming. Swot analysis: Strength: At present, one of the most significant environmental problems that affect the economic condition of a country also is Global Warming. To get rid of this problem, the main objective of most of the countries in the world, especially the western countries is to reduce the release of the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas as much as possible. The western countries pay much attention to this factor because these countries are mainly industry oriented country. Therefore, a high proportion of carbon emits from these countries. The main goals of these countries are now to move from the usage of fossil fuel to the adaptation of renewable energy oriented technology to make the surrounding environment a clear and pollution free environment. The govt. of United Kingdom plays a significant role in this transition process. The different strategies that are designed and followed by the govt. are made mainly to attract the private investors to invest in the research and development of Research and Technology. Another important strength of this country is favourable geographic location. This location is very much appropriate for the set up of different kind of renewable energy. The United Kingdom has best wind and wave power resources. The windy environment and its long offshore location help this country to produce the highest amount of renewable energy. Also, the United Kingdom is popular for the building of infrastructure sufficient for industrial production. The production of renewable energy is of high complexity job. There is a lot of skilled labour in the United Kingdom. Since the last decade, the renewable energy sector is the booming sector of the United Kingdom. The energy production from the renewable energy is increasing continuously over the years, and this sector contributes the GDP growth rate of the U.K economy also through the continuous creation of employment opportunity. The population of United Kingdom is increasing over time. This leads to the increas e in the requirement of energy. Since the domestic production of oil and natural gas energy has fallen during the last some years, therefore the U.K economy has to rely on the import of oil and natural gas from foreign countries. But high oil pricing, political disturbance in the Middle East countries sometimes make uncertain the import of crude oil and natural gas (Http://Ec.Europa.Eu/Research/Energy/Pdf/Swot_En.Pdf). This uncertainty in turn creates issues in the development of the economy. In this context, the transition made by the U.K govt. creates high internal demand for the renewable energy. Recently, the U.K govt has been facing high inflation rate. This high inflation leads to the increase in the price level in almost all the sector, since the production cost of renewable energy is comparatively very low and can be available therefore at a low price than the fuel fossils. This low price makes the producers tends to follow renewable energy technology in their production pro cess. This leads to the increase in domestic demand for the renewable energy. Due to the global warming and climate change, people now want to move to some environment-friendly energy use. These also make a rise in the demand for renewable energy. These are the strengths of the renewable energy sector of the United Kingdom (Iea.org). Opportunity: The United Kingdom is a technologically and also infrastructural developed economy. Therefore, this economy can set up a large scale energy production process from the renewable sources as this setup pre-requires technologically improved infrastructure. The United Kingdom has a large number of high class and good quality university, especially in London. These universities help the renewable energy sector through the provision of high skilled expertise efficient for the production process. The development of renewable energy sector needs an intensive research and development in this domain. These universities in the United Kingdom can provide that Research and Development service. The production growth of oil and natural gas industry has declined over last years. Due to this continuous decline, many oil and natural gas producing country now express interest to invest in the production of renewable energy. They try to enter into this sector either as a stakeholder or as a new entrant. Since, this renewable sector is the booming sector in the United Kingdom, therefore it is expected that the investors may get a high return on the investment in this sector. This high credibility of the renewable sector attracts many foreign investors also into this sector that in turn supports the development process of this sector. This can be seen as a big opportunity for the renewable energy production industry as this industry needs a huge amount of capital for the proper establishment. Another important opportunity is the United Kingdom plays a leading role in this transition process. Though many countries try to replace their traditional energy system with the renewable energy system, but due to lack of technological improvement they are not able to meet this goal. The renewable energy producing countries in the United Kingdom can utilize this opportunity and make a lot of profit by offering these foreign countries the continuous supply of renewable energy so that they can m eet their domestic demand. Another important opportunity is the United Kingdom has a stable political environment, which is always described as a favourable condition for any industry to form the initial business process. Moreover, the legal structure prevailing in the economy of United Kingdom also helps this renewable energy sector to improve better (Keay et al.). Threats: The renewable energy sector in the United Kingdom often faces a lot of threats. The production process of energy from the renewable sources is a bit complex. Therefore, this production process needs an up to date modern technology and huge capital. The government sometimes is not able to provide that much capital. Therefore, it can be said that this renewable energy sector has to depend on private domestic and foreign investors. Though this sector is succeeding to prove itself as a high return sector, some big energy producing companies give a low rate to this sector. These big companies have reviewed the entire energy sector (including oil and natural gas sectors) in the world. According to them, though all the economies try to move from the fossil fuel energy system, this non-renewable sector in some countries especially in the Middle East countries has profitability than the renewable energy sector in United Kingdom. Dependence on oil and natural gas for the industrial development by many underdeveloped and developing countries can be marked as a reason behind this high profitability. These developing countries still prefer the oil and natural gas energy system than others energy system. For these, big investment companies often do not show any interest to invest in renewable energy sector in the United Kingdom. Another threat that the domestic companies of United Kingdom often face is intense competition. There are many domestic and multinational companies operate in this industry. All of them follow modern technology and high skilled labour. Moreover, the financial condition of these industries is almost same. Since all the companies main aim is to acquire larger market share and gain high profit as much as possible, this emerges a high competition in the renewable energy sector of United Kingdom. This high competition in turn affects the pricing mechanism in the related market. This high competition and the resulting price mechanism is a big threat to eac h of the operating countries. The establishment cost of this sector is very high. Therefore, a low price may force some producers to incur a loss and exists from the domain. This in turn may hamper the future development process of this industry. The govt. of United Kingdom offers tax exemption and different kind of subsidy to attract the potential business man into this sector. This creates another threat in this renewable energy sector. Weakness: The production in this sector has possessed economies of scale. This implies at the initial stage of production; the production process requires a high cost. However, as the production of output increases, the cost requirement decreases also. This indicates that the establishment of renewable energy process needs a huge amount of capital in the short run. Therefore, the producers have to charge high price from the consumers initially. However, the energy production from the fossil fuel does not need that much cost. Therefore, it can be supplied at a relatively much lower price, and consumers, therefore, prefer to buy the latter in the short run. This uncertainty in the sale in the short run can be identified as an important weakness of this sector. Moreover, there sometimes happen market failure in this sector and then the govt. has to intervene in this sector that in turn curtails the freedom of the energy producing companies. Conclusion: From the above SWOT analysis, it can be concluded that there exist many factors in the U.K economy that are responsible for the faster growth in the renewable energy sector. Among these high oil pricing, climate change and the geographical location are the important ones. However, the sources of the renewable energy production are a natural product like air, sunlight, water, etc. These natural sources cannot be controlled. Therefore, there exists an uncertainty regarding the supply of resources. Moreover, there prevail some threats and weakness in this sector which may impede the future development process. Hence, at the end it can be said the govt. of United Kingdom should not fully rely on the renewable energy. The objective behind the recent energy policy of the U.K govt is appreciable, but full dependence may hamper the future GDP growth of the U.K economy. References Carbonbrief.org,. 'Will The UK Meet Its 2020 Renewables Target? | Carbon Brief'. N.p., 2015. Web. 7 Aug. 2015. Davison, Alan. 'Renewable Energy, Forms And Types Of Renewable Energy'.Altenergy.org. N.p., 2015. Web. 7 Aug. 2015. Energy Policies Of IEA Countries 2012Review The United Kingdom. 1st ed. 2015. Print. Energy, Renewable. 'Renewable Energy'.Elsevier. N.p., 2015. Web. 7 Aug. 2015. Gov.uk,. 'Department Of Energy Climate Change - GOV.UK'. N.p., 2015. Web. 7 Aug. 2015. Gshp.org.uk,. 'UK Renewable Energy Policy'. N.p., 2015. Web. 7 Aug. 2015. Harvey, Fiona. 'UK On Track To Meet Its Renewable Energy Targets'.the Guardian. N.p., 2015. Web. 7 Aug. 2015. Http://Ec.Europa.Eu/Research/Energy/Pdf/Swot_En.Pdf. 1st ed. 2015. Print. Http://Www.Euroqualityfiles.Net/Agripolicy/Report%202.2/Agripolicy%20WP2D2%20Estonia%20Final.Pdf. 1st ed. 2015. Print. Http://Www.Vis-Nova.Eu/Pdf/Swot_Analysis_-_Tullnerfeld_West.Pdf. 1st ed. 2015. Print. Iea.org,. 'IEA - Renewable Energy'. N.p., 2015. Web. 7 Aug. 2015. Impact Of Renewable Energy Policy And Use On Innovation. 1st ed. 2015. Print. Keay, Malcolm et al. 'Government Energy Policy Archives - Oxford Institute For Energy Studies'.Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. N.p., 2015. Web. 7 Aug. 2015. ScienceDaily,. 'Fossil Fuel'. N.p., 2015. Web. 7 Aug. 2015. the Guardian,. 'The Guardian View On UK Energy Policy: The Limits Of The Market | Editorial'. N.p., 2015. Web. 7 Aug. 2015. Transforming The UKS Energy System. 1st ed. 2015. Print.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

The Changing Character of Creon In the Antigone Essay Example

The Changing Character of Creon In the Antigone Paper The chief agent is Creon; his is the character, his the faults and merits, which are immediately relevant to the play1. This comment from H.D.F Kitto is the reason for this study into Creons character in the Antigone of the two protagonists featured, I feel his development throughout the tragedy is the most interesting and compelling aspect of the play. We watch him change from an admired, strong ruler into a tyrant who possesses a severe lack of judgement and misguided conceptions of the world, and finally into a shattered, fallen man whose values have cost him dearly. The character of Creon is at fault for all that happens in the play his decisions drastically effect the lives of those around him. However, his difficult position must be remembered when analysing his actions he was king, and believed he was acting in the best interests of the city. Also, he is the one who fares the worst due to his actions, and is left to live with this pain. As is typical of Greek tragedy, there is no sitting and doing nothing2, so Creon had to act in some way, but his misjudgement caused him to act in a manner which caused suffering to all. Through this study I hope to come to a more thorough understanding of Creons character and consequently gain a deeper insight into the meaning of the play as a whole. We will write a custom essay sample on The Changing Character of Creon In the Antigone specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Changing Character of Creon In the Antigone specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Changing Character of Creon In the Antigone specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer First impressions of Creon are favourable. The chorus describe him as the new man for the new day3 (line 174) and in his opening speech he seems to do what is right for the country, deeming any who place a friend above the good of his own country as nothing (lines 203-4). But even here we have a hint of one of Creons problems his view of the city. Certainly a king should hold high concern for his domain, but we learn later that Creon sees human beings as tools in the productivity of civic well being4, as Martha Nussbaum describes. This critic believes Creon has reordered the values of the world to justify his actions, and this has resulted in his mental fusing of the city and the family. Nussbaum argues that Creon feels he will eliminate the problems of city- family conflict5 if the two become one. He goes so far as to deny familial ties which accounts for his attitude towards Antigones need to bury Polynices where they clash with civic interest. As Nussbaum states, he is attempting to replace blood ties by the bonds of civic friendship6. He sees the city as the supreme good, and all other values are functions of that good. He feels he has made a world into which tragedy cannot enter, but he is sadly mistaken, as is later proven. From this, we can see one of Creons main failings he is incapable of valuing city inhabitants for their intrinsic humanity rather than just their civic productivity. This is proven in his remark to Haemon regarding Antigone he tells his son to simply Spit her out, like a mortal enemy let the girl go (lines 728-9). He feels that because he sees her life as worthless, his son automatically will too he is denying the love his son holds for Antigone, and giving him no respect for having these feelings. Here we are also beginning to witness Creons lapse into tyranny he is prepared to murder Antigone in front of Haemon his own son simply to vent his anger. We had hints of his tyrannical side in his attitude towards the sentry he would have had him killed just for the purpose of punishing someone if the sentry had not found the real culprit. But the inhumanity towards his own flesh and blood is what clinches our opinion. Him bellowing The city is the kings thats the law! (line 825) at Haemon also presents an image of a somewhat power-crazed individual.  We are beginning to see how Creons lack of judgement affects his actions towards others. He lacks respect for the gods, which is shown by comments such as;  Youll never bury that body in the grave,  not even if Zeuss eagles rip the corpse  and wing their rotten pickings off to the throne of god! (lines 1151-1153)

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Money Laundering Act Essays

Money Laundering Act Essays Money Laundering Act Essay Money Laundering Act Essay THE PREVENTION OF MONEY-LAUNDERING (AMENDMENT)ACT, 2009 NO. 21 OF 2009 [6th March, 2009. ] An Act further to amend the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002. BE it enacted by Parliament in the Sixtieth Year of the Republic of India as follows:@ 1. ! Short title and commencement. ! 1. Short title and commencement. – (1) This Act may be called the Prevention of Money-laundering (Amendment) Act, 2009. (2) It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint. @ 2. % Amendment of section 2. ! 2. Amendment of section 2. In section 2 of the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002 (hereinafter referred to as the principal Act), in sub-section (1),(i) after clause (d), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:- (da) authorised person means an authorised person as defined in clause (c) of section 2 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999;; (ii) after clause (j), the following clause shall be inserted, namely :- (ja) designated business or profession means carrying on activities for playing games of chance for cash or kind, and includes such activities associated with casino or such other activities as the Central Government may, by notification, so designate, from time to time;; (iii) in clause (l), for the words a non-banking financial company, the words an authorised person, a payment system operator and a non-banking financial company shall be substituted; (iv) in clause (q), after the words and figures Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, the words and includes a person carrying on designated business or profession shall be inserted; (v) after clause (r), the following clauses shall be inserted, namely:- (ra) offence of cross border implications, means- (i) any conduct by a person at a place outside India which constitutes an offence at that place and which would have constituted an offence specified in Part A, Part B or Part C of the Schedule, had it been committed in India and if such person remits the proceeds of such conduct or part thereof to India; or (ii) any offence specified in Part A, Part B or Part C of the Schedule which has been committed in India and the proceeds of crime, or part thereof have been transferred to a place outside India or any attempt has been made to transfer the proceeds of crime, or part thereof from India to a place outside India. Explanation. -Nothing contained in this clause shall adversely affect any investigation, enquiry, trial or proceeding before any authority in respect of the offences specified in Part A or Part B of the Schedule to the Act before the commencement of the Prevention of Money-laundering (Amendment) Act, 2009; (rb) payment system means a system that enables payment to be effected between a payer and a beneficiary, involving clearing, payment or settlement 1 service or all of them. Explanation. -For the purposes of this clause, payment system includes the systems enabling credit card operations, debit card operations, smart card operations, money transfer operations or similar operations; (rc) payment system operator means a person who operates a payment system and such person includes his overseas principal. Explanation. For the purposes of this clause, overseas principal means,- (A) in the case of a person, being an individual, such individual residing outside India, who owns or controls or manages, directly or indirectly, the activities or functions of payment system in India; (B) in the case of a Hindu undivided family, Karta of such Hindu undivided family residing outside India who owns or controls or manages, directly or indirectly, the activities or functions of payment system in India; (C) in the case of a company, a firm, an association of persons, a body of individuals, an artificial juridical person, whether incorporated or not, such company, firm, association of persons, body of individuals, artificial juridical person incorporated or registered outside India or existing as such and which owns or controls or manages, directly or indirectly, the activities or functions of payment system in India;; (vi) in clause (y), for sub-clause (ii), the following sub-clauses shall be substituted, namely:- (ii) the offences specified under Part B of the Schedule if the total value involved in such offences is thirty lakh rupees or more; or (iii) the offences specified under Part C of the Schedule. . @ 3. % Amendment of section 5. ! 3. Amendment of section 5. In section 5 of the principal Act, in sub-section (1),(a) for the words ninety days, the w ords one hundred and fifty days shall be substituted; (b) for the proviso, the following provisos shall be substituted, namely:Provided that no such order of attachment shall be made unless, in relation to the scheduled offence, a report has been orwarded to a Magistrate under section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, or a complaint has been filed by a person, authorised to investigate the offence mentioned in the Schedule, before a Magistrate or court for taking cognizance of the scheduled offence, as the case may be: Provided further that, notwithstanding anything contained in clause (b), any property of any person may be attached under this section if the Director or any other officer not below the rank of Deputy Director authorised by him for the purposes of this section has reason to believe (the reasons for such belief to be recorded in writing), on the basis of material in his possession, that if such property involved in money-laundering is not attached immediatel y under this Chapter, the non-attachment of the property is likely to frustrate any proceeding under this Act. . @ 4. % Amendment of section 6. ! 4. Amendment of section 6. In section 6 of the principal Act,- (i) in sub-section (1), for the words one or more Adjudicating Authorities, the words an Adjudicating Authority shall be substituted; (ii) in the proviso to sub-section (8), for the word sixty-two, the word sixty-five shall be substituted. 2 @ 5. % Amendment of section 8. ! 5. Amendment of section 8. In section 8 of the principal Act, in sub-section (1), for the words and figure offence under section 3, the words and figure offence under section 3 or is in possession of proceeds of crime shall be substituted. @ 6. % Amendment of section 12. ! 6. Amendment of section 12. In section 12 of the principal Act, for sub-section (2), the following sub-section shall be substituted, namely:(2)(a) The records referred to in clause (a) of sub-section (1) shall be maintained for a period of ten years from the date of transactions between the clients and the banking company or financial institution or intermediary, as the case may be. ( b) The records referred to in clause (c) of sub-section (1) shall be maintained for a period of ten years from the date of cessation of transactions between the clients and the banking company or financial institution or intermediary, as the case may be. . @ 7. % Amendment of section 17. ! 7. Amendment of section 17. In section 17 of the principal Act, in sub-section (1),(i) in the opening portion, for the words the Director, the words the Director or any other officer not below the rank of Deputy Director authorised by him for the purposes of this section, shall be substituted; (ii) for the proviso, the following proviso shall be substituted, namely:- Provided that no search shall be conducted unless, in relation to the scheduled offence, a report has been forwarded to a Magistrate under section 157 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, or a complaint has been filed by a person, authorised to investigate the offence mentioned in the Schedule, before a Magistrate or court for tak ing cognizance of the scheduled offence, as the case may be. . @ 8. % Amendment of section 18. ! 8. Amendment of section 18. In section 18 of the principal Act,(i) in sub-section (1), the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:- Provided that no search of any person shall be made unless, in relation to the scheduled offence, a report has been forwarded to a Magistrate under section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, or a complaint has been filed by a person authorised to investigate the offence mentioned in the Schedule, before a Magistrate or court for taking cognizance of the scheduled offence, as the case may be. ; (ii) in sub-section (9), the proviso shall be omitted. @ 9. % Amendment of section 28. ! 9. Amendment of section 28. In section 28 of the principal Act, in sub-section (2), clause (a) shall be omitted. @ 10. % Amendment of section 32. ! 10. Amendment of section 32. In section 32 of the principal Act, in sub-section (2), the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:Provided that the Chief Justice of India shall be consulted before removal of the Chairperson or a Member who was appointed on the recommendation of the Chief Justice of India. . 3 @ 11. % Amendment of section 38. ! 11. Amendment of section 38. In section 38 of the principal Act, for the words one or more of the other Members, the words third Member shall be substituted. @ 12. % Amendment of section 60. ! 12. Amendment of section 60. In section 60 of the principal Act, after sub-section (6), the following sub-section hall be inserted, namely:(7) When any property in India is confiscated as a result of execution of a request from a contracting State in accordance with the provisions of this Act, the Central Government may either return such property to the requesting State or compensate that State by disposal of such property on mutually agreed terms that would take into account deduction for reasonable expenses incurred in investigation, prosecution or judicial proceedings leading to the return or disposal of confiscated property. . @ 13. % Amendment of Schedule. ! 13. Amendment of Schedule. In the principal Act, in the Schedule,- (i) in Part A,- (a) in Paragraph 1, after section 121A and the entry relating thereto, the following sections and the entries shall be inserted, namely:- Section Description of offence 489A Counterfeiting currency notes or bank notes. 489B Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency notes or bank notes. ; (b) in Paragraph 2, for sections 15, 18 and 20 and the entries relating thereto, the following sections and the entries shall be substituted, namely:- Section Description of offence 15 Contravention in relation to poppy straw. 16 Contravention in relation to coca plant and coca leaves. 17 Contravention in relation to prepared opium. 18 Contravention in relation to opium poppy and opium. 19 Embezzl ement of opium by cultivator. 20 Contravention in relation to cannabis plant and cannabis. 21 Contravention in relation to manufactured drugs and preparations. ; (c) after Paragraph 2, the following Paragraphs shall be inserted, namely:PARAGRAPH 3 OFFENCES UNDER THE EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES ACT, 1908 Section Description of offence 3 Causing explosion likely to endanger life or property. Attempt to cause explosion, or for making or keeping explosives with intent to endanger life or property. 5 Making or possessing explosives under suspicious circumstances. PARAGRAPH 4 OFFENCES UNDER THE UNLAWFUL ACTIVITIES (PREVENTION) ACT, 1967 Section Description of offence 10 read with section 3 Penalty for being member of an unlawful association, etc. 11 read with sections 3 Penalty for dealing with funds of an unlawful and 7 association. 13 read with section 3 Punishment for unlawful activities. 16 read with section 15 Punishment for terrorist act. 16A Punishment for making demands of radioactive su bstances, nuclear devices, etc. 17 Punishment for raising fund for terrorist act. 18 Punishment for conspiracy, etc. 8A Punishment for organising of terrorist camps. 4 18B Punishment for recruiting of any person or persons for terrorist act. 19 Punishment for harbouring, etc. 20 Punishment for being member of terrorist gang or organisation. 21 Punishment for holding proceeds of terrorism. 38 Offence relating to membership of a terrorist organisation. THE SCHEDULE [See section 2 (y)] PART A * * * * * PARAGRAPH 2 OFFENCES UNDER THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT, 1985 Section Description of offence 15 Contravention in relation to poppy straw. 18 Contravention in relation to opium poppy and opium. 20 Contravention in relation to cannabis plant and cannabis. * * * * PART B PARAGRAPH 1 OFFENCES UNDER THE INDIAN PENAL CODE Section Description of offence 302 Murder. 304 Culpable homicide not amounting to murder, if act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death. 307 Attempt to murder. 308 Attempt to commit culpable homicide. 327 Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or a valuable security, or to constrain to do anything which is illegal or which may facilitiate the commission of the offence. 329 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or a valuable security, or to constrain to do anything which is illegal or which may facilitate the commission of the offence. 64A Kidnapping for ransom, etc. 384 to 389 Offences relating to extortion. 39 Offence relating to support given to a terrorist organisation. 40 Offence of raising fund for a terrorist organisation. ; (ii) in Part B,- (a) for Paragraph 1, the following Paragraph shall be substituted, namely:PARAGRAPH 1 OFFENCES UNDER THE INDIAN PENAL CODE Section Description of offence 120B Criminal conspiracy. 255 Counterfeiting Government stamp. 257 Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Government stamp. 258 Sale of counterfeit Government stamp. 259 Ha ving possession of counterfeit Government stamp. 260 Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be counterfeit. 02 Murder. 304 Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder. 307 Attempt to murder. 308 Attempt to commit culpable homicide. 327 Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act. 329 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act. 364A Kidnapping for ransom, etc. 384 to 389 Offences relating to extortion. 5 392 to 402 Offences relating to robbery and dacoity. 411 Dishonestly receiving stolen property. 412 Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a dacoity. 413 Habitually dealing in stolen property. 414 Assisting in concealment of stolen property. 17 Punishment for cheating. 418 Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may ensue to person whose interest offender is bound to protect. 419 Punishment for cheating by personation. 420 Cheating and dishonestly inducing deliver y of properties. 421 Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors. THE SCHEDULE [See section 2 (y)] PART A * * * * * PARAGRAPH 2 OFFENCES UNDER THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT, 1985 Section Description of offence 15 Contravention in relation to poppy straw. 18 Contravention in relation to opium poppy and opium. 20 Contravention in relation to cannabis plant and cannabis. * * * * PART B PARAGRAPH 1 OFFENCES UNDER THE INDIAN PENAL CODE Section Description of offence 302 Murder. 304 Culpable homicide not amounting to murder, if act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death. 307 Attempt to murder. 308 Attempt to commit culpable homicide. 327 Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or a valuable security, or to constrain to do anything which is illegal or which may facilitiate the commission of the offence. 329 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or a valuable se curity, or to constrain to do anything which is illegal or which may facilitate the commission of the offence. 64A Kidnapping for ransom, etc. 384 to 389 Offences relating to extortion. PARAGRAPH 7 OFFENCES UNDER THE ANTIQUITIES AND ARTS TREASURES ACT, 1972 Section Description of offence 25 read with Contravention of export trade in antiquities and art section 3 treasures. 28 Offences by companies. PARAGRAPH 8 OFFENCES UNDER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA ACT, 1992 Section Description of offence 12A read Prohibition of manipulative and deceptive devices, with insider trading and substantial acquisition of securities section 24 or control. PARAGRAPH 9 OFFENCES UNDER THE CUSTOMS ACT, 1962 Section Description of offence 135 Evasion of duty or prohibitions. 6 PARAGRAPH 10 OFFENCES UNDER THE BONDED LABOUR SYSTEM (ABOLITION) ACT, 1976 Section Description of offence 16 Punishment for enforcement of bonded labour. 18 Punishment for extracting bonded labour under the bonded labour system. 20 Abetment to be an offence. PARAGRAPH 11 OFFENCES UNDER THE CHILD LABOUR (PROHIBITION AND REGULATION) ACT, 1986 Section Description of offence 14 Punishment for employment of any child to work in contravention of the provisions of section 3. PARAGRAPH 12 OFFENCES UNDER THE TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN ORGANS ACT, 1994 Section Description of offence 18 Punishment for removal of human organ without authority. 19 Punishment for commercial dealings in human organs. 20 Punishment for contraventon of any other provision of this Act. PARAGRAPH 24 OFFENCES UNDER THE AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981 Section Description of offence 37 Failure to comply with the provisions for operating industrial plant. PARAGRAPH 25 OFFENCES UNDER THE SUPPRESSION OF UNLAWFUL ACTS AGAINST SAFETY OF MARITIME NAVIGATION AND FIXED PLATFORMS ON CONTINENTAL SHELF ACT, 2002 Section Description of offence 3 Offences against ship, fixed platform, cargo of a ship, maritime navigational facilities, etc. ; (iii) after Part B, the following Part shall be inserted, namely:- PART C An offence which is the offence of cross border implications and is specified in,- (1) Part A; or (2) Part B without any monetary threshold; or (3) the offences against property under Chapter XVII of the Indian Penal Code. . – V. K. BHASIN, Additional Secretary to the Govt. of India. {} 7

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based approaches to mental health nursing Essay

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based approaches to mental health nursing and their application to depression - Essay Example This paper presents a literature review of the cognitive behavioral therapy based approaches to mental health nursing and their application to depression. The most remarkable finding published thus far on the treatment of depression has been in a major research, conducted by Keller and colleagues (2000), weighing the outcomes of one of the more recent treatments, nefazodone, against a new treatment, the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP). The CBASP approach suggests that the mindset of individuals with chronic depression has become retarded or regressed to the most elementary developmental stage. The nature of this mindset makes patient indifferent to forces from the social environment, leading to the belief that they are not able to affect any of the circumstances in their lives. This kind of mindset leads to the submissiveness and vulnerability usual of patients with chronic depression. The technique underlying the therapy is to demonstrate to patients th at their decisions and behavior do in fact have significant effects, so that they will be encouraged to adopt behaviors that will yield positive outcomes. These positive outcomes, which stem mostly from social support, work to bring back motivation and enhance mood. Several techniques are implemented in adopting this approach such as the following (Keller et al., 2000, p. 1465): Provision of consistent feedback from the therapist on the interpersonal effects of the patient’s actions. Teaching patients to discriminate between aversive or abusive past interpersonal situations where they could not affect outcomes and current situations where they can. Teaching patients to evaluate systematically whether their actions are assisting them in achieving desired outcomes. The study of Keller and colleagues (2000) presented credible proof that CBASP is very useful in treating chronic depression. The speed of total remission with the combination of medication and CBASP in the study of K eller and colleagues (2000) was almost double the speed of total remission of patients who received medication and cognitive therapy. It is somewhat likely that CBASP will become the most successful therapy for chronic depression. However, this is not yet definite, since the speed of response to medication was significantly greater than in studies using cognitive therapy. Even though the research subjects used in the study of Kelly and colleagues (2000) seem to have higher levels of chronic depression than those in cognitive therapy studies, it is also probable that they were more responsive to treatment. Relapse preventive outcomes have also been reported applying other newer treatment approaches of cognitive therapy. Galante and colleagues (2013) formulated Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) which incorporates several typical cognitive therapy policies into mindfulness approaches. MBCT is given in a group setting with individuals who have experienced severe depression. Thi s treatment was developed particularly with the purpose of enhancing meta-cognitive consciousness in patients who have recovered from depression and who are highly vulnerable to more episodes. By means of mindfulness exercise, MBCT seeks to build a mental ‘group’ of meta-cognitive consciousness that is broader than the meta-awareness associated only with a damaging